Understanding AP Calculus Free Response Questions

What are the AP Calculus free response questions like? Free response means that you will not be given any answer choices. Instead, you will have to work out the problem, showing all steps, and come up with a final answer yourself. In this short article, youll discover what to expect on the AP Calculus free response sections. AP Calculus Free Response Question Format A typical free response problem states a scenario and then asks 3-4 questions about that scenario. For example, the following problem was pulled from a practice Calculus BC exam. Example Consider the equation x2 2xy + 4y2 = 64. (a) Write an expression for the slope of the curve at any point (x, y). (b) Find the equations of the tangent lines to the curve at the point x = 2. (c) Find at (0, 4). Ok, so lets pick this question apart a little. We wont solve it here, but we will build a plan for tackling the problem. First of all, the given equation applies to all three parts. Part (a) asks for the slope at any point. That sounds like a derivative. However the given function is not solved explicitly for y. So youll have to do implicit differentiation. Part (b) asks for the equations of the tangent lines at a specific point. Notice the plural equations and tangent lines. Thats a clue that you should have more than one answer. But also notice in this case, part (b) depends on part (a). We need the derivative in order to find the slope of any tangent line. Finally, Part (c) asks for a second derivative. Of course, this depends on finding the first derivative (Part (a)). As you can see from this example, the parts of the question depend on one another. However, Part (c) did not depend on Part (b), so this is not a hard and fast rule. How Many Free Response Questions are there on the Exam? Both the AP Calculus AB and BC tests have the same number of free response problems. Section II of the test consists of 6 free response questions, separated into two parts. Part A: 4 problems in 60 minutes. Requires a graphing calculator. Part B: 2 problems in 30 minutes. No calculator. Budgeting your Time In order to complete all of the questions, you would have to spend an average of 15 minutes per problem or less. However, I recommend sticking with a free response problem until you can complete all parts. The graders are looking for significant progress towards the final answer, rather than a few stabs in the dark. Therefore, it is better to completely work out the problems that you know how to answer before trying any that you might have trouble with. Practice, Practice, Practice! The best way to understand the AP Calculus free response questions is to do some yourself. Try these ones for starters: AP Calculus AB Free Response Practice Problems and AP Calculus BC Exam Free Response Practice Problems. Then be sure to practice on an actual AP Calculus exam. In fact, the more practice exams that you do, the better your performance will be on test day!

The Salem Witch Trials Essay - 1349 Words

Before 1692, the supernatural was a part of people’s everyday normal life. This is so as people strongly believed that Satan was present and active on earth. Men and women in Salem Village believed that all the misfortunes that befell them were the work of the devil. For example, when things like infant death, crop failures or friction among the congregation occurred, people were quick to blame the supernatural. This concept first emerged in Europe around the fifteenth century and then spread to Colonial America. Formerly, peasants heavily relied on particular charms for farming and agriculture. But, over time, white magic transformed into dark magic and it became associated with evil. Even though the people of Salem believed that Satan†¦show more content†¦The residents of Salem Village were desperate for an explanation. If the source of the affliction was not attributable to a physical malady, the community reasoned that it must be the work of Satan and so the finge r pointing toward witchcraft started. Of all the executed, none confessed to the use of witchcraft, as they believed it would condemn their soul. â€Å"Everyone was so frightened that the unlucky prisoners could not hope for a fair trial.† Even though it was not solid evidence, â€Å"the hysterical ravings of the ‘bewitched’ girls were accepted as testimony.† During the later trials where none of the suspects were punished, dispute broke out over whether or not there had ever been any witchcraft in the community in the first place. It is highly possible that Abigail Williams and Ann Putnam could have been falsely creating their accusations and imitating the strange illnesses recorded, and if this were indeed the case it would explain some of their mistakes; such as their failure to identify Mrs. Cary after accusing her by name. â€Å"Twenty people had been executed for witchcraft, while over 100 more lay in prison, their property confiscated, and the n ame of Salem had become a synonym for mindless and cruel persecution.†Show MoreRelatedSalem Witch Trials And The Witch Trial1494 Words   |  6 PagesFirst of all, I wanted to talk about what Salem Witch Trial is and who are the persons involve in this event. Salem Witch Trials, according to Encyclopedia Britannica is â€Å"A series of investigations and persecutions that caused 19 convicted â€Å"witches† to be hanged and many other many suspects to be imprisoned in Salem Village in the Massachusetts Bay Colony.† There are many people involve in Salem Witch Trials and I’ll be going to describe their role in this event, followed by the different case studiesRead MoreSalem Witch Trials And The Witch Trial Essay2225 Words   |  9 Pagesaccused of witchcraft in Salem Village, Massachusetts, many more died in jail, and around 200 people total were accused of witchcraft during the Salem Witch Trials. Records from the event indicate that the Salem Witch Trial s started when a group of young girls began acting strange, claiming they had been possessed by the Devil and bewitched by local villagers. The Salem Witch Trials is a much debated event; historians argue over the motivation and causes behind the trials and executions, not overRead MoreThe Trial Of The Salem Witch Trials905 Words   |  4 PagesI. Introduction In January 1692, when a group of juvenile girls began to display bizarre behavior, the tight-knit Puritan community of Salem, Massachusetts couldn’t explain the unusual afflictions and came to a conclusion. Witches had invaded Salem. This was the beginning of a period of mass hysteria known as The Salem Witch Trials. Hundreds of people were falsely accused of witchcraft and many paid the ultimate price of death. Nineteen people were hung, one was pressed to death, and as many asRead MoreThe Salem Witch Trials691 Words   |  3 Pageswere the Salem Witch Trials? The Trials happened in 1692 in Puritan Massachusetts, in a town called Salem. Nineteen men and women were hanged on grounds of practicing dark magic and making a pact with Satan (in other words, for being witches). Hundreds of people were imprisoned; several died there. Additionally, one man (of over seventy years!) was crushed to death with heavy stones and the lives of many were irrevocably changed. (Salem Witch Museum) IQ #2- How and why did the Salem WitchRead MoreThe Salem Witch Trials1202 Words   |  5 PagesThe Salem Witch Trials were a prime part of American history during the early 17th century. During this time, religion was the prime focus and way of life within colonies. This was especially true for the Puritan way of life. Puritans first came to America in hopes of practicing Christianity their own way, to the purest form. The Puritans were fundamentalists who believed every word transcribed in the Bible by God was to be followed exactly for what it was. The idea of the devil controlling a womanRead MoreThe Trials Of The Salem Witch Trials1866 Words   |  8 Pagessurrounding the cause of the Salem Witch Trials 1692 makes the topic captivating as many historian perspectives offer explanations for the causation of the trials, yet the personal context of each historian has determined its historic reliability. This questions the level of objectivity each historian has in their responses to the Trials. The aims and purposes of a historian, as well as their differing methodologies may alter the approach the have towards the investigation of the Trials. Many interpretationsRead MoreThe Trials Of Salem Witch Trials Essay1267 Words   |  6 PagesThe notorious witch trials in Salem began in Spring of 1692. This started after a young group of girls in Salem Village, Massachusetts, professed they were possessed by the devil. These young girls even went as far as accusing some local women of practicing witchcraft. As a frenzy spreaded throughout colonial Massachusetts, a specific court was summoned to hear cases. Bridget Bishop was the first convicted witch and she was hung in that June following her trial. Eighteen other people followed BishopRead MoreThe Trials Of Salem Witch Trials1069 Words   |  5 PagesEven though the Salem witch trials were made to seem formal, they were actually subjective and not based on fact. Since there were multiple people being accused of witchcraft, the trials were short and quick to sentence. The witch trials lasted less than a year. The first arrests were made on March 1, 1692, and the final hanging day was September 22, 1692. The Court of Oyer and Terminer was dissolved in October of 1692. The Salem Witch Trials occurred in the spring of 1692, when a groupRead MoreThe Trials Of The Salem Witch Trials1635 Words   |  7 Pagesovercome was the Salem Witch Trials. The Salem Witch Trials occurred in 1692 and 1693 in colonial Massachusetts. â€Å"More than 200 people were accused of practicing witchcraft – the Devil’s magic – and 20 were executed† as detailed by Jess Blumberg on the web article A Brief History of the Salem Witch Trials (Blumberg 2007). The trials had a major impact on the American society and the effects could be seen in colonial America as well as today. Why did the injustice of the Salam Witch Trials occur and whyRead MoreThe Trials Of The Salem Witch Trials2197 Words   |  9 Pagesestablish colonies based on the word of God. Salem, like many other towns at the time, had little distinction between church and state and focused all aspects of their society on God. (Roach) Due to these conditions, Salem became the site of the largest and most violent witch hunts in America. The significance of the trials comes from the large impact they had on American law. The conditions before, during, and after the Salem Trials were unlike the witch hunts in any other colonies in the New World

Evaluating the Law of Theft Free Essay Example, 1000 words

The sections include 15, 16 and 18 of the Theft Act 1968 (UK). Section 16 deals with obtaining pecuniary advantage by deception in monetary terms. According to the section pecuniary advantage would result in one becoming richer that he was before the act of deception. It also includes situations where one should have paid for a good or service, in the process one does not gain more money but rather one remains with the money he should have paid. The law faced some challenges in the case of DPP v Ray (1974) AC 370 House of Lords where Ray had gone to a restaurant and ordered a meal with an intention to pay, but left after eating when the waiter left the room. Ray was originally not found guilty by a lower court, but the House of Lords overturned the ruling by allowing the case to go to fresh trial. He was convicted subsequently. The House of Lords held that Ray had a pecuniary advantage since he had not paid. He had deceived by representing himself originally as an honest customer (T he Government of the United Kingdom). We will write a custom essay sample on Evaluating the Law of Theft or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now The danger with this section was that people would represent themselves as honest but decide to be deceptive in the process. The law would let them free if they proof that they did not intend to do so. This gave the impetus to repeal the section to address the anomaly. The changes were, therefore, carried in section 1 and 2 of the Theft Act 1978. Section 1 included in its definition obtaining services by deception and section 2, evading liability by deception. Section 3 of the act covers spot payment for goods or services. This means that if one does not pay on the spot it means that he is planning to avoid payment. The payments in any case must be legal transactions in order to be enforceable by law (The Crown Prosecution Service). On the other hand, the Fraud Act 2006 provides a statutory definition of fraud as a criminal offence. It puts fraud into three classes; false pretence, failing to disclose information and abuse of office. It goes on to give the liability in terms of fine, imprisonment or both. Therefore, the law covers the laws relating to obtaining of property by false pretence (deception), obtaining pecuniary advantage, the liability of officers’ errors of omission, commission or obtaining property illegally. The last is gaining personal advantage by virtue of their offices and more offences that are covered under the Theft Act 1978 which were still covered under sections mentioned earlier in The Theft Act 1968 (UK) (Campbell, 2007).

Essay on Mass Com/340 - 941 Words

University of Phoenix Faculty Material Mass Communication Test Underline the best answer to the following 30 multiple-choice questions. 1. Media criticism a. is the analysis used to assess the effects of media on individuals b. should be based on well reasoned arguments c. can be negative or positive d. all of the above 2. Three reasons American media products dominate the global scene are a. diversity, the English language, and synergy b. freedom of expression, diversity, and big business c. freedom of expression, the English language, and censorship d. freedom of expression, horizontal integration, and big business 3. The American media and government are interrelated in three ways: a. Regulation,†¦show more content†¦less specialized and more segmented 10. Which of the following is NOT an advantage of digital technology in theaters? a. Films can be distributed as electronic data through high-speed connections. b. Theaters can show live events. c. Employees can choose trailers from a computer screen. d. Equipment is inexpensive. 11. Movie ratings are a. voluntary b. required by federal law c. required by state law d. required by the Motion Picture Production Code 12. The Recording Industry Association of America battled the file-sharing threat by a. threatening college administrators if students used the colleges Internet connections to download music b. attempting to close down websites that distributed music c. trying to stop the manufacturing of digital recorders such as the Rio d. all of the above 13. Covering, an industry practice in the 1950s, occurred when a. record albums came out with cardboard covers b. white singers released traditional black tunes c. music was recorded on separate tracks d. none of the above 14. Clear Channel stations stopped playing the Dixie Chicks’ music in 2003 after one member a. posed nude b. was arrested for drugs c. criticized President George W. Bush d. all of the above 15. The radio industry today is becoming a. segmented in terms of ownership b. segmented in terms of audience c. all of the above d. none of the above 16. The FCC regulates a.Show MoreRelatedCoca Cola and Socia Media755 Words   |  4 PagesCoca Cola and Social Media Marketing Chris Wharton University of Redlands Principles of Marketing BUSB 340 Vernon Stauble 7/28/2011 This paper will define the concept of social media marketing and briefly discuss some strategies associated with the concept. In addition, the paper will discuss how Coca Cola implements social media marketing into their current advertising campaign. Now let us define social media marketing. Social media marketing is described by (Grant, 2010) â€Å"as a termRead MoreSex and Violence1805 Words   |  8 PagesSex and Violence Paper Michael Wright Com/340 June 29, 2015 Leigh Pethe Sex and Violence Paper People should mull over every dissimilar dynamic involved prior to setting their sight on the reasoning when they decide whether or not movies, television and video games have any effect on young people. It may possibly be an exhilarating or an extremely exasperating experience. It all depends on the way people try to tackle this concern. People ought to use all the data at their disposal and followRead MoreEssay on Antioxidants and Skin Care1793 Words   |  8 Pagesmarine concentrate from deep, cold water fish. An eighty-two year old woman testified that she has soft, great looking skin, and she no longer needs any kind of lotion because proanthocyanidins have restored moisture to her skin (http://www.mindspring .com/bobatlgaltest.html#arthritis). People can also use a cream or gel to bring antioxidants into contact with the skin. The Life Plus company also sells Forever Young Facial Perfecting Gel It is made up of: Theophylline complex, which aids the bodyRead MoreMarketting Plan of Maggi Ketchup5308 Words   |  22 Pages |Mkt. Share |Targeted Consumer | |Pran |340 |40 |20.0% |Middle and upper- income household also restaurants | |Best |340 |49 |19.3% |Middle and upper income households foodservice area | |Ahmed |340 |40 |13.4% |Middle-income household | Read MoreLaudon Mis 6ce Ch1010201 Words   |  41 Pagestransaction has more information for the transaction than the other party. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Type: TF Page Ref: 318 AACSB: Reflective thinking skills CASE: Content A-level Heading: 10.1 Electronic Commerce And The Internet 30) All previous mass media in modern history, including the printing press, use a broadcast model where content is created in a central location by experts. 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Section 2 discusses the implications of ERP, includes the concept of ERP, its functionsRead Moretoys R us lbo6421 Words   |  26 Pagesdemographic trends were expected to help the industry. See Exhibit 5 for growth estimates by age cohort. According to the NPD Group, the mass/discount channel continued to gain share from other toy retailers in 2005, accounting for 54 percent of total toy sales, while toy stores represented 20 percent (the vast majority of this was Toys â€Å"R† Us). Clearly the mass/discount channel— specifically Wal-Mart and Target—were growing at the expense of the specialty toy retailers (see Exhibit 6).9 Toys â€Å"R†Read MoreGas Chromatography and Olfactometry: Electronic Nose Analysis9548 Words   |  39 Pagesneeded for the consumer-oriented development of coffee drink products. Numerous studies on the aroma compounds of coffee have been conducted. More than 1000 volatile constituents and 70 potent odorants have been identiï ¬ ed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and GC/olfactometry (GC/O) (Nijssen MS 20090986 Submitted 10/5/2009, Accepted 8/2/2010. Authors Michishita, Sagara, and Araki are with Dept. of Global Agricultural Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences

Marketing Plan For A Product Concept - 1940 Words

Marketing plan Product Product concept The Total product concept refers to the bundle of services offered by a product/service. For example Healthy happy foody total product can be explained as all the benefits customers receive by using the product, from service of providing food to fresh and healthy options to eat. Total product concept is used by the customers when evaluating the products among different business and they distinguish benefits and go for the product which provides them with best value for the money paid (Elliot, Rundle-Thiele Waller 2012, p.216). Due this reason, businesses use total product concept to differentiate their products from competitors and create a unique position for them in the market. The total product concept can be analysed using four levels Core product, Expected product, augmented product and Potential product. Product differentiation When thinking about the food industry, one must understand that there is a wide variety of products are offered. Different companies provide different products to different markets. Whether they use psychographic, demographic or geographic segmentation to divide these markets, they try to make their product more appealing than those of similar restaurants. Restaurants differentiate themselves first through their dining experience. Quick service restraurants such as KFC, McDonald’s etc, will typically offer unhealthier, lower quality food, and, according toShow MoreRelatedExplain The 4 Ps Of Marketing1194 Words   |  5 PagesMarketing Marketing is the process where goods and services move from concept to the customer. It includes the coordination of four elements called the 4 P s of marketing. These 4 P’s include product, price, place and promotion. Marketing Objectives Marketing objectives are the group of targets set by a business when promoting its products/services to potential customer that should be achieved within a given amount of time. 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Marketing concept is an important concept for the company that underlines significance of the determination and satisfaction of consumers stated and unstated wants and needs. The company can achieve its goals through this satisfaction and determination. The first decade of the 21st century challenged firms to prosper financially and even survive in the face of an unforgiving economic environment. Marketing is playing aRead MoreMarketing Analysis : Marketing Audit1229 Words   |  5 Pages1.1 Marketing Audit Marketing audit can be defined as a study, inspection, review and/or evaluation of marketing activities of any company. Basically, it estimates the marketing environment of the company, aims, strategies, and policies of the company. After evaluation of marketing plans and strategies, it has to identify the mistakes, weaknesses, insufficiencies, complications and other issues to be encountered in firm’s marketing purposes. 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These concepts, theory and methodology are the foundations of research design of this work. 2.1 Marketing strategy The material world is objective while the people’s psychologies are very subjective. The same concepts from different people may mean different implications. The concepts of strategy tend to be used in many scenarios and embody different meanings. The marketing strategy also has its specific

Network Trojan

Question: Write a report onsecurity of home network from attack of Trojan. Answer: Introduction This report is about security of home network from attack of Trojan. As we know that Trojan is very much vulnerable virus and it is also known Trojan House. This is actually a type of malware. This virus is actually employed by cyber-thieves and hackers those want to access systems of users to get their confidential information. There are various scenarios exists regarding harmful impact of Trojan virus. Here in this report we will emphasize on a scenario and according to that scenario, a hacker attempting to penetrate home network by attempting subvert to system using a piece of malware which is called Trojan. They are doing this so they can steal important information such as passwords, email correspondence and other essential information regarding system that they can use for implementing DDoS attack. There are various malicious programs that perform various unauthorized actions such as deleting data, blocking data, modifying data and copying data. Besides this, Trojan virus disru pt performance of computers and computer networks. Now the purpose of making this report is to discuss about feasible solution that can provide prevention against this Trojan attack and can minimize risk factors of Trojan Attacks. Now there are various advanced solutions available that can be used for security purpose by users. Overview of Scenario As per the given scenario, it is mentioned above that hackers wants to access home network. Here in this segment of report, we will discuss about our home network and will label workstations with labels. Following is basic figure of our home network that hackers wants to access. Network Components of Diagram In above figure various essential network components are depicted that are mandatory for establishing a secure network. The main components of house network are Internet, External and Internal Firewall, Router, Systems and Database Server. Here Internet is required to establish a network among all systems, so that they can communicate with each other and can send data to each other. Routers are required for spreading network signals to all systems in different departments. Here firewall is used for security purpose and it is an in-built software in operating system and it must be in on mode. Firewall protects systems from unknown and vulnerable entities that can enter into system due to network. A network is accessed by multiple users at one time and this access must be secured. A network in which multiple computers are connected with each other, it is possible that virus can be spread within computers. In this case firewall alerts to users for unknown entity and user can take action accordingly. That is why firewall is considered to be important for maintaining security on network. This house network consists of both wired and wireless devices and some of these devices are easy to configure but some of these are difficult. Besides this, computer systems consist of anti-virus that protects systems from virus attacks. Data storage is done into servers database and all computers are connected with this server. The protection of this server is also important and due to this, anti-virus is also installed into it and firewall of server is always kept in ON mode. Access Control for Security While working with networks, security of these networks must be appropriate. That is why, to maintain security of our network, we have used various ways. Access control is an important way for maintaining security of networks and computers. In access control, users are restricted to access a particular area of network and network administrator sets permissions for different users. For accessing data from server, a user has to use its login credentials such as username and passwords. These credentials are authenticated by servers administrators and allow users to access data from database. In this way, we protect our network devices from various vulnerabilities and virus attacks. (Irchelp.org, 2016)After discussing about overview of scenario, now we will emphasize on IT security information which is related to given case study. IT Security Information Trojan house attack or Trojan attack is one of the most vulnerable attack against computer security. Trojans are executable programs and when user will open file then some actions will be performed. There are many ways in which Trojan horse can be executed. As we know that, in operating system, executable file such as .exe, vbs, bat etc. are found. Trojan is also executable program and it is named with file dmsetup.exe, LETTER-FOR-YOU.TXT.vbs. These are some unknown file names and consists of vulnerable information in it. While implementing Trojan based attack, some steps are executed by attackers that include: Entry, Distribution of Traffic, Exploit, Infection and Execution. (Webopedia.com, 2016) Steps to Minimizing Trojan Based Attack As we have discussed above that Trojan based attack is so much harmful and it puts bad influence on our house network. Now it is necessary to minimizing the vulnerable effect of this attack and here in this segment we will discuss about steps to minimizing Trojan Based Attack. (Eckel, 2009) Installation Quality Anti-Virus Installation Real-Time Anti-Spyware Protection Use Anti-Malware Applications Daily Scans must be Involved Auto-run must be DisabledApproach for Workstation and Network Level Security To get prevention from Trojan virus attack, prevention can be got both at workstation/device and network level. To get network level prevention, there is requirement to use anti-virus and anti-malware software those can detect Trojan virus and can destroy it. Besides this, monitoring tools can also be used for identifying network virus. On the behalf of device and workstation, anti-virus can also be used for detecting and destroying viruses. At device level, firewall must be in on mode, so that it can restrict unknown entity to enter into system. In this way, by using these approaches, virus attack can be controlled at workstation and network level. (WhatIs.com, 2016) Major Security Problems As we have discussed above about our house network with its components and these components are essential for establishing a reliable and secured network. But still we are facing a problems while implementing this house network. Following are some major security problems in our house network: The first security problem is regarding improper use of firewall. Firewall must be in on mode. Anti-virus must be installed into computer systems to detect and destroy virus. Without anti-virus protection, it is difficult to save computers from viruses. Improper configuration of network that allows hackers to access weak points of network. (CertificationKits.com, 2016)This is an important segment of this report where we will discuss about countermeasures to protect network. There is requirement to use network security tools such as anti-virus, spyware and other network security tools. Security of server is required, that is why it must be protected with advanced anti-virus, permissions must be given to connected users for accessing data. These are some essential countermeasures that can be implemented to get protection for house network. (Benton, Benton, B., Moreno, 2014) Security Principle for maintaining Security of Home Network The main security principle for maintaining security of Home Network is to maintain confidentiality, integrity and availability of database that consists of confidential information in it. (Study.com, 2016) Security Approach for Home Network After this whole discussion about security tools and techniques for securing network from Trojan virus attacks, we have selected to use anti-virus. This is because anti-virus installation into system will protect the system from outer vulnerabilities and will not allow them to enter into system without scanning. (Computernetworkingnotes.com, 2016) Lesson about Solving Problem After this whole discussion, we got to know that network usage and implementation are not easy to manage by network users and developers. There is requirement to configure network and its components properly and advanced security tools must be used. In this report we have discussed about Trojan Virus thoroughly and awareness about this virus and other viruses is necessary to resolve virus attacks. Now on the behalf of whole discussion we will try to protect home network from various unknown and vulnerable activities. Both at developers and users levels, security must be maintained properly. (Bhconsulting.ie, 2014) References Eckel, E. (2009). 10 ways to avoid viruses and spyware - TechRepublic. [online] TechRepublic. Available at: https://www.techrepublic.com/blog/10-things/10-ways-to-avoid-viruses-and-spyware/ [Accessed 1 Aug. 2016]. Irchelp.org. (2016). IRCHelp.org Trojan Horses. [online] Available at: https://www.irchelp.org/irchelp/security/trojan.html [Accessed 1 Aug. 2016]. CertificationKits.com. (2016). CCNA Security: Worm, Virus and Trojan Horse Attacks. [online] Available at: https://www.certificationkits.com/cisco-certification/ccna-security-certification-topics/ccna-security-describe-security-threats/ccna-security-worm-virus-and-trojan-horse-attacks/ [Accessed 1 Aug. 2016].Computernetworkingnotes.com. (2016). Network Security Threat and Solutions. [online] Available at: https://computernetworkingnotes.com/ccna-study-guide/network-security-threat-and-solutions.html [Accessed 1 Aug. 2016]. Benton, Benton, B., Moreno,. (2014). Infected! 10 Tips How To Prevent Malware On Your Computer. Line//Sha pe//Space. Retrieved 2 August 2016, from https://lineshapespace.com/10-tips-on-how-to-prevent-malware-from-infecting-your-computer/WhatIs.com. (2016). What is Trojan horse? - Definition from SearchSecurity. Retrieved 2 August 2016, from https://searchsecurity.techtarget.com/definition/Trojan-horseBhconsulting.ie. (2014). Computer Security Threats Solutions | SecurityWatch. Retrieved 3 August 2016, from https://bhconsulting.ie/securitywatch/?p=2366Slideshare.net. (2009). Network Security Threats and Solutions. Retrieved 3 August 2016, from https://www.slideshare.net/Colin058/network-security-threats-and-solutions-1018888Webopedia.com. (2016). The Difference Between a Virus, Worm and Trojan Horse - Webopedia. Retrieved 3 August 2016, from https://www.webopedia.com/DidYouKnow/Internet/virus.aspStudy.com. (2016). What is a Trojan Horse Virus? - Definition, Examples Removal Options - Video Lesson Transcript. Retrieved 3 August 2016, from https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-a-tro jan-horse-virus-definition-examples-removal-options.html

Monetary As Financial Stability Regulation -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Monetary As Financial Stability Regulation? Answer: Introduction The study reflects that how change in cash rate impeoves the conditions of the economy of Australia. The objectives of monetary policy and the functions of RBA is illustrated in relation to this change in cash rate. The importance of global macroeconomic indicators in making decision for change in cash rate set by RBA is also highlighted in this study. Global macroeconomic indicators in China and USA has been considered before setting the cash rate as the financial market of Australia is largely dependent in these two economies. Moreover, the reasons behind keeping the cash rate unchanged by RBA are also discussed in this paper. The relation between cash rate and inflation is also discussed in this study. The effect on the consumption, GDP , inflation rate and housing marketing are also explained in this study. Objectives of monetary policy and functions of Reserve Bank of Australia The monetary policy refers to the discretionary action that has been taken by respective policymakers for influencing money supply, value of money and availability of money (Crdia, and Woodford, 2014). The monetary policy adopted by the central bank of the respective countries helps in stabilizing as well as maintaining equilibrium in the system of the economy. The basic purpose of monetary policy differs from nation to nation , which includes: Neutrality of money- Monetary change is the main reason behind fluctuations in the economy. It has been stated by Fiore and Tristani, (2013), monetary variation creates distortion as well as disturbances of nation economic system operation. Thus, stability in money helps in stopping fluctuations in the economy. Exchange rate stability- Exchange rate stability plays a crucial role in trade. The policymakers tend to bring stability in exchange rate of a country in order to avoid violent fluctuations that results in speculative market activities (Kiyotaki and Moore, 2012). Stability in price-Price stabilization repose confidence of the individual and promotes activities in business. It also helps in distributing income as well as wealth equally. Moreover, it depresses exports but encourages imports of the nation. Full employment- The main aim of the Australian government is to achieve full employment with the help of increased investment. The accomplishment of full employment mainly involves exchange stability as well as prices. The beneficial effects of full employment includes- It is a vital instrument in providing economic as well as social welfare. It also aids in solving the business fluctuations problem. It facilitates government of the respective nation in solving acute unemployment problem. Economic growth- Monetary policy helps to promote sustained economic growth through attainment of equilibrium between total demand for production capacity and money. Therefore, it means proper utilization of human as well as capital resources for ensuring increase in per capita income and national income. Balance of Payment (BOP) equilibrium- Another objective of monetary policy is to attain equilibrium in BOP owing to the issue of international liquidity with respect to world trade growth at higher speed as compared to the world liquidity. The functions of RBA includes- Adopting monetary policy RBA implements monetary policy for stabilizing the economic growth of Australia. The decisions of monetary policy adopted by RBA involve setting rate of interest on overnight loans. Promote financial stability- The RBA works in promoting stabilization of financial system that seeks in mitigating risk associated with financial disturbances. The central bank of Australian mainly works on this with agencies that include Council of Financial Regulators (CFR). They work together in order to increase the efficiency of regulation. Managing foreign reserves - The RBA manages foreign currency reserves of Australia by operating in market of foreign exchange for meeting the needs of foreign exchange and assist with liquidity management. Offering banking services RBA also offers services of banking to the Australian government as well as foreign official organizations. These services include payments, collections, maintenance of current account and reporting. It offers facility to the government of Australia that has been used in managing bank account group that is well known as Official Public Account (OPA) group. The arrangements of banking involves provision of term deposit for investing of funds and access in limiting overdraft facility. Issuing banknotes The main function of RBA is designing, producing and issuing the banknotes of Australia with the objective of providing confidence to the Australians in terms of banknotes. However, it provides effective mechanism in payment and helps the government in securing wealth of the nation. Setting policy for payment system-RBA also functions in providing stability, competitiveness as well as efficiency of payment system with the help of the Payment System Board. It has been stated by Fiore and Tristani, (2013), the responsibility of RBA has widened the banks focus on the system of providing high value payments that underpins stability in order to encompass commercial system in which volumes of transaction offers scope for gains. Significance of global macroeconomic indicators in deciding cash rate It has been opined by Rios (2013), one nations spillovers can affect the financial markets of another nation that might occur the upcoming years. The main reason behind this is that the prices of financial market highlights on the expectations of the market participants about the economic development in future. However, these expectations should be revised by the other nations immediately upon getting new information (Taussig, 2013). These spillover effects may be either direct or indirect. Direct economic channel refers to exposure of trade where one export or import of one nation influences other nations. Trade has been considered as the global macroeconomic indicators that influences the economic performance of the nation. On the other hand, indirect channel by which other nations gets affected for the spillover of another economy is through global price level that measures inflation rate. In addition, change in inflation rate of one economy affects the financial markets of anothe r economy. Global macroeconomic indicators in some of the major economies includes GDP growth rate, rate of unemployment, inflation rate, rate of interest ,balance of trade and government debt to nations GDP. The central bank of Australia takes into account these indicators including their domestic indicators for making economic decision relating to the change in cash rate. This is because the cash rate affects the rate of interest of Australia that in turn affect the lenders as well as the borrowers, business activities and ultimately inflation rate in the economy. The cash rate refers to lower rate of interest at which other banks borrow and hence is considered as the benchmark rate in the nation. The term official cash rate (OCR) is used by Australia for the bank rate and is considered as the interest rate at which the RBA indicts on overnight loans to the commercial banks of this nation. Variation in official cash rate mainly influences the housing rate as well as other loans of this nation (Stein, 2012). As it influences economic activity level of the nation, RBA uses OCR as the main tool for influencing the inflation rate, money supply and monetary conditions to financial markets of Australia. As the development or growth of the large economies affect the financial market of other nations, RBA considers global macroeconomic indicators of China and USA for making decision regarding the setting of Official Cash Rate. The financial market of Australia with that of China and USA are directly linked to each other. Now, these global macroeconomic indicators of China and USA mainly include inflation rate, trade and GDP growth rate. Therefore, these economic indicators reflect the economic development of these two nations that in turn hugely affects the commodities prices. However, the price level of Australian economy is mainly influenced by China and USAs economic developments. For this reason, RBA changes the OCR by focusing on these global macroeconomic indicators in order to meet inflation target of Australia. Hence, this helps the Australian government in improving the economic condition of the country from the previous year. Reasons behind keeping cash rate unchanged by RBA in 2017 The governor of RBA, Dr. Philip Lowe has decided to keep OCR unchanged at 1.50% in order to maintain stability in economic growth and achieving inflation target throughout this year. The economic conditions of this nation have shown improvement due to this low cash rate 1.50%. Moreover, economic growth in China has improved and is supported by rise in infrastructure spending as well as property construction with increase in debt level (Gal, 2015). Prices of the commodities have increased although the terms of trade in Australia has been predicted to decrease over the recent period. On the other hand, the federal reserve in US have increased rate of interest and there is no expectation that monetary easing will continue in this major economies. In addition, the financial markets functions effectively with low volatility. Recent statistics reflects that inflation rate of Australia remains within the target rate, which is 2-3%. Economist predicts that inflation rate will increase gradually as the economic growth enhances. In addition, rise in tobacco and electricity are predicted to stimulate consumer price index (CPI) inflation (Fiore and Tristani, 2013) . Therefore, implementation of this monetary policy will help the Australian government in stabilizing the inflation rate within the economy. It has been stated by Hamilton and Wu (2012), high exchange rate contributes to price pressure within the nation. The recent data on exchange rate value reflects that there has been appreciation of Australian dollar that partly reflects lower US dollar. This also weighs on the nations output as well as employment. The economist has forecasted appreciating exchange rate would be slower the activities of the economy as well as inflation rate. Even the housing market conditions have shown huge variation within the economy. In order to stabilize the housing market price and mitigate the risk associated with increasing housing indebtedness level, RBA has decided to keep OCR unchanged at 1.5% Money market equilibrium model for increasing cash rate Official cash rate influences the interest rate in short run of the economy. Decrease in interest rate translates into huge availability of money for borrowing, which makes the consumers increase their expenditures. It has been noted that as consumers increase their spending, the economy grows at higher rate resulting in flow of demand for product with no variation in its supply. Therefore, rise in demand for commodities that cannot meet with its supply leads to inflation. On the contrary, higher interest rate motivates the consumers to save in huge amount and borrow in fewer amounts (Sloman et al., 2013). However, the total money that is being circulated in market decreases. Moreover, the consumer face hurdles in purchasing goods owing to less money. Therefore, as demand becomes less than supply, increase in prices of goods stabilize or might decrease. This reflects that cash rate influences the rate of inflation in the economy. Money market equilibrium model reflects that the deman d for as well as supply of money in the economy. This framework illustrates that the demand and supply curve in respect of money reflects quantity demanded of money and quantity supplied for it at a particular interest rate. Furthermore, it has been stated by Eichhorn (2013), lower interest rate aids the people in borrowing more money and this results in increase in expenditure of the consumers. This causes the nation in higher growth that leads to increase in inflation rate. On the contrary, rising rate of interest results in decrease in expenditure of consumer that leads to increase in saving. This leads to decline in economic growth of the nation and thus creating lower inflation rate. Over the last five years, it has been seen that GDP of Australia has been stable though it has slight fluctuations. On addition, the inflation rate also remained within the target rate while the unemployment reflects stable change with slightly higher than target rate. Even the housing market data highlights that the prices has been stable owing to lower cash rate set by RBA. Over the years, the main objective of the RBA is to lower the official cash rate in order to improve the economic performance of the economy. In few circumstances, they have raise the raised or lowered the cash rate in order to meet the objectives and continue sustained growth in the nation. Effect of change in cash rate on the economy The RBS tightens the cash rate that affects the GDP, household consumption, investment and growth in wage rate. AS RBA lowered the cash rate, growth in overall consumption of the economy remained moderate mainly in line with the nations income. In addition, non mining investment remained low as accounted by GDP share while high levels of debt of households showed a huge variation (Davis, 2013). It has noted that from the data released by Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) that growth in the dent if housing has outpaced slower growth rate in incomes of the households. In order to improve the state of the Australian economy , the RBA announced supervisory measures that helped the government in mitigating the risk that are associated with high as well as increase in indebtedness levels. Therefore, it has been forecasted by RBA that economic growth of Australia will gradually rise to above 3 % over the next few years. It has opined by Bs ( 2014), low rate of interest will help the nation in accelerating its economic growth. But of RBA sets the cash rate too low, then the economy might slow down. If the rate becomes close to zero, then the problems arises as the profit margins of the banks gets compressed. Therefore, the rate at which the banks earns huge on the loans lowers by this action taken by RBA. In addition, if the rate of interest is ultralow, then the profit margins on lonas are so small that it does not have real incentive in accepting the lending risk (Borio and Zhu , 2012). In that case, they keeps the money in safe assets that includes Treasury Bills that yield in higher loans. As a result, this suppresses the loan volumes in few cases in which the banks of this nation retains on books that includes commercial as well as industrial loans. As rise or fall in cash rate influences consumption demand, GDP, price level, inflation and housing market, the main aim of RBA is to set the cash rate through monetary policy. The official cash rate (OCR) is kept on hold by the RBA when inflation rate lies within the target and hence the nation is growing at sustainable rate. In addition, as RBA motivates Australian in spending more money, they tries to keep the cash rate lower for increasing consumption demand. For example, if the confidence of consumer is low and the savings rate if taxpayers are higher, then business might suffer owing to lack of expenditure. As the cash rate becomes low, people try to buy homes and this improves the real estate market in Australia. Low interest rate cannot help in achieving long run growth in the economy. It may enhance nations growth during the recovery phase of economy but holding this rate for long will adversely affect economic growth. Though low interest rate boosts consumption as well as i nvestment, it mainly reduces consumer spending by huge amount than investment. in addition, this benefits the housing market in small amount as low rate of mortgage fails to recover housing market. Conclusion From the above assignment, it can be concluded that cash rate that is being set by the RBA influences the economic growth of the nation. It mainly influences the inflation rate which in turn affects the economic growth. It has been seen from the data of ABS that RBA has maintained stability in inflation and GDP by keeping the cash rate moderate. Therefore, they have kept the cash rate within 1-2%. In order to stabilize the economy, they uses OCR as a tool for implementing monetary policy and keeping inflation rate low. Hence, it can been stated that RBA plays a crucial role in improving the conditions of the Australian economy. References Borio, C., Zhu, H. (2012). Capital regulation, risk-taking and monetary policy: a missing link in the transmission mechanism?.Journal of Financial Stability,8(4), 236-251. Bs, D. (2014).Public enterprise economics: theory and application(Vol. 23). business. Crdia, V., Woodford, M. (2016). Credit frictions and optimal monetary policy.Journal of Monetary Economics,84, 30-65. Davis, J. B. (2013).The theory of the individual in economics: Identity and value. Routledge. Eichhorn, W. (Ed.). (2013).Measurement in Economics: Theory and Applications of Economics Indices. Springer Science Business Media. Fiore, F. D., Tristani, O. (2013). Optimal monetary policy in a model of the credit channel.The Economic Journal,123(571), 906-931. Frank, R. H., Bernanke, B. S., LUI, H. K. (2015).Principles of economics. McGraw-Hill Asia. Gal, J. (2015).Monetary policy, inflation, and the business cycle: an introduction to the new Keynesian framework and its applications. Princeton University Press. Hamilton, J. D., Wu, J. C. (2012). The effectiveness of alternative monetary policy tools in a zero lower bound management.Journal of Money, Credit and Banking,44(s1), 3-46. Kiyotaki, N., Moore, J. (2012).Liquidity, business cycles, and monetary policy(No. w17934). National Bureau of Economic Research. Mahadeva, L., Sterne, G. (Eds.). (2012).Monetary policy frameworks in a global context. Routledge. Rios, M. C., McConnell, C. R., Brue, S. L. (2013).Economics: Principles, problems, and policies. McGraw-Hill. Sloman, J., Norris, K., Garrett, D. (2013).Principles of economics. Pearson Higher Education AU. Stein, J. C. (2012). Monetary policy as financial stability regulation.The Quarterly Journal of Economics,127(1), 57-95. Taussig, F. W. (2013).Principles of economics(Vol. 2). Cosimo, Inc..